共享节约下的库存与运输联合优化研究

摘要

在库存与运输联合优化(ITIO)中, 供应商和零售商是理性的, 都设法使自身收益最大化, 双方在这一前提下参与ITIO联合优化以获得更高的收益, 因此需要合理设计联合优化利润分配协调机制, 以实现双方利润的改善. 将共享节约合同理论运用到ITIO中来, 假设供应商和零售商按照一定比例分享双方努力节约成本所带来的收益, 求出供应商和零售商的最优努力水平和产品销售价格. 文章分别研究了零售商最优零售价、 制造商最优批发价与库存运输费用节约之间的关系, 证明了零售商与供应商最优努力水平的存在性及其性质. 研究表明: 在基于收益共享节约合同的ITIO中, 制造商和零售商越努力, 产品的零售价越低; 制造商和零售商在ITIO决策模式下的最优努力程度会优于分散优化模式下的最优努力程度; 基于共享节约合同的ITIO最优利润大于分散决策模式下的最优利润.%The suppliers and retailers exert themselves to maximize their own benefits with rationality to join Inventory-transportation Integrated Optimization (ITIO). Therefore, it is necessary to design an effective and coordinative mechanism of joint optimization and profit distribution in order to improve revenues. Used sharing-saving contract theory into ITIO to analyze revenue distribution, the assumption can be raised that supplier and retailer share the profits from saved costs with a certain percentage, and the optimal-effort level and selling prices from suppliers and retailers are solved. The relationships among optimal retail prices, optimal wholesale prices from manufacturers and inventory-transportation costs are analyzed respectively, and the existing Nash equilibrium solution of manufacturers' and retailers' effort level and the qualities are proved and analyzed. The study shows that the more efforts manufacturers and retailers make , the retail prices are lower based on sharing-saving contract in ITIO; the optimal effort level and profits based on the ITIO Decision Model for manufacturers and retailers is greater than those based on the Decentralized Optimization Model.