在刚性地基和刚性涵洞条件下,进行梯形沟埋涵洞土压力试验和理论研究,得到回填土体的沉降位移场、洞顶土压力分布、土压力系数的变化规律和理论计算模型.试验和理论研究表明:涵洞回填土体顶、底的沉降位移小,最大沉降区处于涵顶填土高度的中部附近；箱涵顶部土压力为上凹形分布,圆涵顶部土压力为上凸形分布,前者土压力系数约为后者土压力系数的1.07倍.%The vertical earth pressure on the top of trapezoid trench-buried culverts was analyzed experimentally and theoretically under the condition of rigid culverts and foundation. The settlement displacement field, earth pressure distribution on culverts and variation of earth pressure coefficient were revealed. Resutts show that the settlement was small at the top and the bottle of the backfill, and maximal near the middle of the backfill height. The earth pressure distribution was concave curves on the top of box culverts and convex curves on the top of circular culverts. The earth pressure coefficient of box culverts was about 1. 07 times the coefficient of circular culverts. The coefficient increased at first and decreased later. When the width of the trench became larger, the growth range of the earth pressure coefficient increasd but the decadent range decreased and the trench-buried culverts turned into positive buried culverts gradually. If the trench slope coefficient was larger than 5 or the ratio of trench base width to culvert width was greater than 20, the trench-buried culverts was regarded as positive buried culverts.
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