日本农村基层组织功能变迁对新农村建设的启示——基于日本土库市町村与中国山西赤桥村的对比研究

摘要

After the world war Ⅱ,in Japan villages,the economic,administrative and living functions are divided greatly.In sitin village,the administration is responsible to administrative services,the farmer association is responsible to economic servies,and the groups are responsible to coordinate daily affairs.In Chiqiao village,namely the administration manages all political,economic and civic affairs,in fact,it is often not capable to do anyting well.From the comparison,it is clear that funcational reform is a pressing task to most China villages.%战后日本的社会变迁,是由原来集中在村落共同体中的经济、行政和日常生活的功能按照不同的原理不断分化的过程。从日本土库地区来看,市町村主要承担行政服务功能,农协主要行使经济服务功能,村落则是居民日常生活单位。就山西赤桥村而言,自治单位的功能严重分化不足,理论上的村落自治体,应该是集政治、经济、生活功能于一体的,而事实上,村落组织各项功能急剧蜕化,根本无从完成上述功能的整合,于是出现了由＂村庄自治＂变成了＂村庄不治＂的无序状态。按照现代社会功能分化原理,重新整合村落社区的功能刻不容缓。