It is an important work to improve pump efficiency of oil well pump. A a lot of research in this field have been done. There are many factors influencing pump efficiency. Therefore, with only one factor or few factors, the influencing factors of pump efficiency accurately cannot be evaluated. In order to evaluate the relationship among the factors and reduce the deviation subjectivity, we use the principal component analysis to analyze the elements of pump efficiency. By selecting 16 original indexes, with the help of SPSS software, using principal component analysis, seven principal component factors of influence factor are withdrawn. The result indicates that the main factors influencing pump efficiency are stratum energy, reservoir conditions, property of crude oil, producing parameters, wellbore trajectory, matching data of pump, sucker rod and oil tube, and pumping unit quality of balance. It is an effective method to evaluate pump efficiency by principal component analysis. We can apply this rule in our usual organization of rod pumped wells, and we can improve oil well pump efficiency successfully.%提高抽油机井泵效是油井管理的一项重要工作,由于影响抽油机井泵效的因素很多,不同因素之间相互影响,因此通过某一个或少数几个因素对泵效的影响进行评价时存在一定的局限性.为了科学地确定各个因素的主次关系,避免主观随意性带来的偏差,采用主成分分析法,对影响抽油机井泵效的众多因素进行分析.选取16个原始指标,应用SPSS分析软件进行计算,从中提取了7个主成分,综合分析表明:地层能量、油藏条件、原油性质、生产参数、井身轨迹、管杆泵匹配及抽油机平衡度是主要因素.
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