巨泡式死亡：一种新的细胞死亡方式

摘要

Cell death is a major physiological or pathological phenomenon in life activities. The classic forms of cell death include apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Recently, a novel type of cell death has been observed and termed as methuosis, in which excessive stimuli can induce cytoplasmic uptake and accumulation of small bubbles that gradually merge into giant vacuoles, eventually leading to decreased cellular metabolic activity, cell membrane rupture and cell death. In this article, we describe the nomenclature, morphological characteristics and underlying mechanisms of methuosis, compare methuosis with autophagy, oncosis and paraptosis, and review the related researches.%细胞死亡是生命活动过程中一项重要的生理或病理现象。传统的细胞死亡方式主要包括凋亡、坏死和自噬等。新近研究发现了一种新的细胞死亡方式-methuosis，在这种细胞死亡过程中，由于过度刺激导致细胞内水泡吸收、积累、融合而逐步形成相对于细胞本身而言的大量巨大液泡，最终导致细胞代谢活动减少、细胞膜破裂、细胞死亡。本文对巨泡式死亡的命名来源、形态特征、可能的机制、与相关死亡方式的区别及其研究进展进行了阐述。