广西金花茶炭疽病的病原鉴定及其寄主抗性评价

摘要

于2003年首次在广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区发现金花茶炭疽病,并从病叶上分离出金花茶炭疽菌;根据致病性测定和病原菌株形态观察结果,将其鉴定为Colletotrichum camelliae Mass.,由该菌引起的金花茶炭疽腐在广西属首次报道.为了寻找炭疽病的抗源,通过测定13种金花茶和3种山茶对金花茶炭疽病菌的抗性,结果表明:防城金花茶(C.chrysantha var.phaeopubisperma S.Y.Liang et Z.H.Tang)、东兴金花茶(C.tunghinensis Chang)、多瓣金花茶(C.multipetala S.Y.Liang et C.Z.Deng)、小花金花茶(C.micrantha S.Y.Liang et C.Y.Zhong)、顶生平果金花茶(C.pingguoensis var.teminalis(Liang et su)S.Y.Liang)5个种或变种表现抗病反应;博白大果油茶(Camellia gigantocarpa Hu et T.c.Huang)、红山茶(Camellia japonica Linn)的红露珍品种、金花茶(Camellia chrysantha(Hu)Tuyama)以及显脉金花茶(Camellia euphlebia Merr.ex Sealy)对Colletotrichum camelliae表现为免疫反应,这些抗性材料将为金花茶的种质改良提供优质抗源.%The vellow camellia anthracnose disease was observed for the first time in 2003 in Fangcheng Yellow Camellia National Natural Reserve,Fangchenggang city,Guangxi,China.The isolates from the affected leaves were obtained and their pathogenecity to yellow camellia leaves were confirmed.The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum camelliae Mass.,based on the morphological and cultural characteristics as well as pathogenecity of the isolates.To evaluate the yellow camellia resistance to the pathogen,13 yellow camellia species and 3 camellia species have been evaluated for host resistance identification.The restilts showed that five moderately resistant species were confirmed,including Camellia chrysantha var.phaeopubisperma S.Y.Liang et Z.H.Tang,Camella tunghinensis Chang,Camellia multipetala S.Y.Liang et C.Z.Deng.Camellia mierantha S.Y.Liang et C.Y.Zhong and Camellia pingguoensis var.teminalis(Liang et su)S.Y.Liang;four species,viz.,Camellia chrysantha(Hu)Tuyama,Camellia japonica Linn.cv."Hualuzhen",Camellia gigantocarpa Hu et T.C.Huang and Camellia euphlebia Merr.ex Scaly were highly resistant to Colletotrichum camelliae and could be considered as promising breeding materials.