硅肥对蔗地土壤性状、甘蔗叶片营养及产量的影响

摘要

[Objective]A green house experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of calcium silicate fertilizer onsoil characteristics,growth and nutrition and yield parameters of sugarcane.[Method]A soil pot experiment was conducted using sugarcane variety ROC22.The treatments included:normal fertilization(26 g N + 1.76 g P +20 g K/pot:T0)and normal fertilization + different concentration of calcium silicate(20,40,60,80,120 and 150 g/pot in T1-T6,respectively).[Result]The results showed that application of calcium silicate affected the content of N,P,Ca,Mg and Si in TVD leaf tissues.Use of 120 g/pot calcium silicate resulted in 92% increase in Si content compared to control.It significantly influenced the physico-chemical properties of soil.Soil organic matter and available P content decreased significantly,the available S increased by 137% in soils treated with 120 g/pot calcium silicate fertilizer.The exchangeable Ca and Mg increased by 117.9 and 86.0%,respectively at 150 g/pot Si.The pH of soil was found to be higher than control.Si significantly affected the sugarcane plant height and cane yield,and showed almost increasing trend of dry matter and sugar yield with increasing of its concentration.[Conclusion]The positive effects of calcium silicate fertilizer have been observed on general sugarcane growth and development and soil' s physico-chemical properties.Its supplementation in normal fertilizer may be recommended for sustaining the sugarcane productivity.%[目的]在大棚条件下进行甘蔗硅肥施用量研究,阐明硅肥对甘蔗生长、营养以及土壤特性等的影响.[方法]以新台糖22号为试验材料,以每桶26 g N+1.76 g P+20 g K为对照,设置T1～T6(20、40、60、80、120and 150g/桶)6个不同硅肥用量,研究不同施硅水平对甘蔗的影响.[结果]硅肥处理的甘蔗+1叶N、P、Ca、Mg、Si含量较对照有一定提高,其中120g/桶处理的甘蔗+1叶含硅量比对照增加92%.不同施硅水平对甘蔗土壤理化性状具有显著影响,SOM和有效P较对照显著降低,120 g/桶处理的有效Si含量较对照增加137%,150g/桶处理的交换性Ca和Mg分别较对照增加117.9%和86.0%,pH均有一定提高.硅肥处理对甘蔗株高和产量增加有显著影响,对甘蔗干物质和产糖量的提高也有促进作用,但不显著.[结论]硅肥对甘蔗生产以及土壤理化性状具有一定正效应,可结合常规施肥进一步推广从而提高甘蔗生产.