基于鱼类生物完整性指数的深圳鹅公湾渔业水域健康评价

摘要

[Objective] Ecosystem health of Egong Bay fisheries area in Shenzhen was assessed based on index of bio-logical integrity of fish(F-IBI), in order to provide reference for ecological restoration in typical fisheries area in inshore of South China Sea. [Method]Based on survey for biological resources and ecological environment in four seasons from Au-gust(summer) and November(autumn) in 2012 to February(winter) and May(spring) in 2013, six indicators including to-tal number of species, percentage of sciaenidae species, percentage of sparidae species, percentage of plank feeding species, percentage of benthic feeding species and percentage of benthic-piscivorous feeding species, were used in estab-lishing index of biological integrity of fish(F-IBI) of Egong Bay. The suitability of F-IBI was tested by principal component analysis(PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis. [Result]Percentage of sciaenidae species, percentage of sparidae species, percentage of plank feeding species, percentage of benthic feeding species had larger influence on F-IBI assessment and they were major assessment indicators. F-IBI of Egong Bay fisheries area was positively correlated with water temperature, salinity, chemical oxygen demand(COD) and petroleum, and was negatively correlated to pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), reactive phosphate(PO43--P), and suspended matter. There were significant correction between F-IBI and salinity, COD, and suspended matters(P<0.01). [Conclusion]F-IBI assessment system, based on total number of species, percentage of sciaenidae species, percentage of sparidae species, percentage of plank feeding species, percentage of benthic feeding species and percentage of benthic-piscivorous feeding species, is feasible, and can be used in ecosystem health assessment for typical fisheries area in inshore of South China Sea.%[目的]基于鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)评价深圳鹅公湾渔业水域的生态系统健康状况,为开展南海近海典型渔业水域的生态修复提供参考依据.[方法]基于2012年8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)、2013年2月(冬季)和5月(春季)4个季度的生物资源、生态环境调查资料,选取鱼类总种类数、石首鱼科鱼类种类数比例、鲷科鱼类种类数比例、浮游生物食性鱼类种类数比例、底栖生物食性鱼类种类数比例和底栖—游泳生物食性鱼类种类数比例6个指标,构建深圳鹅公湾F-IBI指标体系,并通过主成分分析和Pearson相关性分析对其适用性进行检验.[结果]石首鱼科鱼类种类数比例、鲷科鱼类种类数比例、浮游生物食性鱼类种类数比例、底栖生物食性鱼类种类数比例对F-IBI健康状况评价结果的影响较大,是主要的评价指标.鹅公湾F-IBI与水温、盐度、化学需氧量(COD)和石油类呈正相关,与pH、溶解氧(DO)、溶解性无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO43--P)和悬浮物呈负相关,其中与海水盐度、COD和悬浮物显著相关(P<0.01).[结论]基于鱼类总种类数、石首鱼科鱼类种类数比例、鲷科鱼类种类数比例、浮游生物食性鱼类种类数比例、底栖生物食性鱼类种类数比例和底栖—游泳生物食性鱼类种类数比例6个指标构建的鹅公湾F-IBI评价体系具有可靠性,可用于南海近海典型渔业水域的生态系统健康状况评估.