不同工况下的薄壁件焊接装配热态特性数值仿真分析

摘要

为了分析薄壁件装配的焊接热态特性,针对不同厚度的T形装配结构,建立多尺度有限元模型和焊接热源模型,考虑不同焊接技术参数和焊接方向,采用不同焊缝参数的角焊缝方式对T形装配结构进行焊接仿真分析,研究不同工况下的焊接温度场分布情况.通过比较分析,结果表明:不同焊接方向、不同焊接厚度和焊接热源参数对焊接温度场分布有不同程度的影响;对相同厚度的薄壁件装配结构,当热源移动时,移动速度越快,受热面积越小,其焊接最高温度随之降低.通过适时调整焊接参数、热源参数、焊接结构厚度和焊接方向,可以改变焊接温度场分布状况,这将有利于选择合适的最佳薄壁件焊接厚度和相关的焊接过程参数,为以后大型尺寸焊接结构装配过程中提高薄壁焊接结构精度提供分析依据和基础.%In order to analyze the welding thermal characteristics problem, the multiscale finite element ( FE) model of T-shape thin-wall assembly structure for different thicknesses and the heat source model are established to emphatically study their welding temperature distributions under different conditions. Simultaneously, different welding technology parameters and welding directions are taken into account, and the fillet weld for different welding parameters is employed on the thin-wall parts. Through comparison analysis, the results show that different welding directions, welding thicknesses and welding heat source parameters have a certain impact on the temperature distribution. Meanwhile, for the thin-wall assembly structure of the same thickness, when the heat source is moving, the greater the moving speed, the smaller the heating area, and the highest temperature will decrease. Therefore, the welding temperature field distribution can be altered by adjusting welding parameters, heat source parameters, welding thickness and welding direction, which is conducive to reducing welding deformation and choosing an appropriate and optimal welding thickness of thin-wall parts and relative welding process parameters, thus improving thin-wall welding structure assembly precision in the actual large-size welding structure assembly process in future.