生物乙醇生产及木质纤维素稀酸预处理的研究进展

摘要

作为一种汽油替代品,液体燃料因其可持续及环境友好的特点引起了人们的广泛兴趣.文中介绍了几种能够替代汽油的液体燃料:生物甲醇、生物乙醇和生物丁醇,指出生物乙醇最具潜力.对生产生物乙醇的原料进行了概述,指出由于政策性限制,使用淀粉或糖来生产乙醇受到制约,因此人们转向利用木质纤维原料来生产乙醇.在分析了各种木质纤维原料不同的预处理方法后,指出稀酸或稀酸与蒸汽爆破相结合的方法具有经济可行性,但稀酸预处理木质纤维易产生糠醛、羟甲基糠醛、木素小分子等发酵抑制物,因此在未来设计生物质转化液体燃料时要考虑减少这类物质的生成,降低其后续影响.%There is a wide-spread interest in examining the alternative liquid fuels that are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than gasoline.In this paper,first,several alternative liquid fuels,such as biomethanol,bioethanol and biobutanol,are introduced,bioethanol being a leading one due to its potential.Then,the materials for bioethanol production are summarized,finding that lignocelluloses are paid more attentions to because the starch- or sugar-based productions are restricted by current policies.Moreover,the pretreatment methods for different kinds of lignocelluloses are analyzed,and the dilute acid pretreatment alone or that combined with steam explosion is found to be more efficient and economic than many other pretreatment options.However,as dilute acid has a tendency to generate compounds inhibiting fermentation,such as furfural,hydroxymethyl furfural and small-molecular lignin,some countermeasures should be taken during the analysis and process design to limit the production and impact of these compounds.