广西普通野生稻遗传多样性中心的确定与核心种质构建

摘要

【目的】确定广西普通野生稻Oryza rufipogon Griff.遗传多样性中心,构建普通野生稻核心种质资源,为广西普通野生稻资源保护利用提供参考资料。【方法】利用24对微卫星标记分析来自郁江流域、红水河流域、南流江流域和桂北山区的普通野生稻623份材料的遗传多样性；采用逐步聚类法构建10%和5%的广西普通野生稻核心种质。【结果】24个SSR位点总共检测到114个等位基因。平均等位基因数为4．75,平均有效等位基因数为3．0001, Shannon信息指数为1．1801,平均期望杂合度为0．6388。9个居群遗传多样性指数为：邕宁居群>临桂居群>扶绥居群>容县居群>贵港居群>平南居群>古棚居群>五里塘居群>博白居群。4个区域的多样性指数为：郁江流域>桂北山区>南流江流域>红水河流域。广西普通野生稻资源5%的核心样本共31份,其中邕宁居群有14份,扶绥居群有12份；邕宁居群和扶绥居群分别占本居群分析样本的5．76%和18．75%,是核心样本的主要来源。【结论】郁江流域是广西普通野生稻多样性中心；邕宁居群的普通野生稻地理分布广、种类丰富,而扶绥居群遗传多样性异常丰富,它们是核心样本的主要来源,也是值得特别关注和重点保护的重要区域。%[Objective] To confirm genetic diversity distribution center of common wild rice,Oryza rufi-pogon Griff. , in Guangxi, and construct the core collection which will provide a reference for protecting and utilizing wild rice resources in Guangxi. [Method] A total number of 623 common wild rice re-sources from Yujiang River Basin,Hongshui River Basin,Nanliujiang River Basin and Guibei Mountain were used to study the genetic diversity with 24 SSR markers. The stepwise cluster analysis was used to construct 10% and 5% core collections of common wild rice in Guangxi. [Result]There were 114 alleles to be detected at 24 SSR loci. The number of alleles per locus (A) was 4. 75, the average number of ef-fective alleles (Ae) was 3. 000 1, the Shannon-weaver information index (I) was 1. 180 1 and the aver-age expected heterozygosity ( He ) was 0. 638 8. The order of genetic diversity of 9 regional populations was Yongning ( YN) > Lingui ( LG) > Fusui ( FS) > Rongxian ( RX) > Guigang ( GG) > Pingnan ( PN) > Gupeng ( GP) > Wulitang ( WLT) > Bobai ( BB) . The order of genetic diversity of four re-gions was Yujiang River Basin>Guibei Mountain > Nanliujiang River Basin > Hongshui River Basin. There were 31 copies belong to 5% core collection,including 14 copies of Yongning population and 12 copies of Fusui population which accounted for 5. 76% and 18. 75% of analyzed samples respectively.[Conclusion]The genetic diversity center of Guangxi common wild rice is Yujiang River Basin. Wild rice of Yongning is widely distributed and presents various types. Wild rice of Fusui shows great rich genetic diversity. Yongning and Fusui regional populations,which are main sources of the core collection sam-ples,are considered to be the most important populations of Guangxi common wild rice, and should be paid particular attention to their protection and exploitation.