寻找中国争议政治的理论基础:范式选择与政策启示

摘要

The current social conflicts in China show two trends:Firstly,the traditional structural elements that trigger conflicts have been reduced;and secondly,new conflicts continue to emerge.In the foreseeable future,which of these two trends will dominate,the answer to this question will depend in part on the theoretical paradigm chosen.After reviewing the paradigms, the theory of political process is taken as the core of constructing and understanding China's con-tentious politics.In response to the above -mentioned problems,it also provides useful enlight-enment for modernization of our country's conflict governance institutions.The more effective pattern of conflict governance is institutionalizing social conflicts,that is,guiding the relevant parties to choose the procedures,ways and channels that the state has recognized or established to resolve disputes and contradictions.China's conflict governance system should be based on (social)integration and(state)coordination,that is,social groups as the primary subjects and basic forces for integrating individual interests,and the state as coordinators among the compe-ting diverse social interests.%中国目前的社会冲突呈现出两种表征:一是触发冲突的传统结构要素有所减少,二是新型冲突不断涌现.在可预见的将来,上述两种情形何者会占据主导?对这一问题的回答部分取决于所选择的理论范式.在评述社会冲突研究的社会中心与国家中心两种范式基础上,政治过程理论被作为建构与理解中国争议政治的核心.它在回应上述问题的同时,也为推动我国冲突治理体系和治理能力的现代化提供了有益启示:治理冲突更为有效的方式是冲突制度化,即引导当事方选择国家认可或建立的冲突解决程序、方式和渠道来解决争议与矛盾;我国冲突治理体制应该以(社会)整合与(国家)协调为核心,即社会组织作为整合个人利益的初级主体和基础力量,国家在对抗的社会利益间扮演协调者的角色.