马克思异化理论与韦伯合理化理论的比较研究

摘要

Both Marx＇s theory of alienation and Weber＇s theory of rationalization concern the question of modernity in the western capitalist society.Marx＇s question of modernity is the widespread phenomenon of alienation,and Weber＇s question of modernity is the holistic phenomenon of rationalization,this paper illustrates the theory of alienation and the theory of rationalization from three aspects including society,culture and individual behavior etc.under the view of sociology,and ploughs the intercommunity and diversity under the background of the argument between Marx＇s theory and Weber＇s theory.We find that the contradictory and identity coexists rather than only one possibility exists in the relationship between Marx＇s theory of alienation and Weber＇s theory of rationalization,in other words,there is the necessary tension between the two theories.%西方资本主义社会的现代性问题是异化理论与合理化理论共同关注的问题。马克思的现代性问题就是资本主义社会现象普遍异化的问题,而韦伯的现代性问题即合理化问题。在社会学视角下,从社会、文化和个体行为三个方面分别阐释了马克思的异化理论和韦伯的合理化理论,并且在马克思和韦伯两套理论体系的争论的背景下深度耕犁异化与合理化的共同性与差异性,发现两者关系不能简单理解为是矛盾的或者同一的两套逻辑体系,而是矛盾与同一并存,即两者之间存在一种必要的张力。