矩形液舱晃荡冲击载荷的试验机理研究

摘要

在不同外激振幅和频率下,采用大尺度模型试验方法对矩形液舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击压力进行了研究,主要包括在不同载液率下,液舱内的短期晃荡冲击载荷特性、冲击载荷的统计特性、时空分布规律及外激振幅和频率与晃荡冲击载荷的关系.试验结果表明,低载液率时自由液面附近冲击载荷大,高载液率时顶部冲击载荷大,30％时自由液面冲击载荷最大,低载液率时自由液面最大冲击力约为静水压力的3.5～4.5倍,外激频率越接近自由液面固有频率,冲击荷载的梯度受振幅的影响越大.文中研究可为计算晃荡载荷提供参考,并对液舱设计具有一定指导意义.%The liquid sloshing impact loads on a large size rectangular model are investigated experimentally under different conditions (i.e. amplitude and frequency of oscillation). The short-term characteristics of sloshing impact on the large size model are focussed on, when they are partially filled. Statistics of impact load, temporal, spatial distribution and the effects which are caused by excitation amplitude and frequency to sloshing loads are presented- The experimental results show that the impact loads represent near free surface under low filling, while sloshing loads occur on the ceiling under high filling.The surface pressure under 30% filling rate is maximum. Surface impact pressure is about 3.5~4.5 times to hydrostatic pressure. The gradient of impact loads is significantly influenced by the amplitude when the external frequency is close to the natural frequency of the free surface. These experimental results can be served as estimation for sloshing loads and make contribution to tank design.