船舶机械低频线谱振动传递的主动控制

摘要

Aiming at the active control of low-frequency sinusoids in ship machinery vibration, non-contact electromagnetic actuator with large output force, flat frequency response, and excellent ma-neuverability is developed, and the electromechanical performance of such actuator with permanent magnet bias is analyzed. A dynamic model of active-passive vibration isolation system is presented, and the factors affecting system stability are analyzed. A passive-active vibration isolator consisting of electromagnetic actuator and air spring is developed, in which a disengageable suspended structure is designed to improve its adaptability to shock and swing in the ship environment. A multi-channel narrowband Fx-Newton algorithm with rapid convergence and good robustness to frequency fluctua-tion is also proposed. A passive-active vibration isolation system composed of such isolators is then installed on a 200 kW ship diesel generator for testing, and the experimental results show that under complex situations such as multiple sinusoids and frequency fluctuation of the targeted sinusoids, rapid convergence of the control algorithm and stable and effective control of vibration could be re-alized with this isolation system. Therefore, the developed passive-active vibration isolation system can satisfactorily meet the engineering requirement of attenuating low-frequency sinusoidal vibration excited by ship machinery.%针对船舶机械振动的低频线谱主动控制，文章采用输出力大、频响平直、无接触式的磁悬浮作动器，分析了永磁偏置式作动器的电-磁-力耦合特性，推导了磁悬浮主被动隔振系统运动方程和系统稳定性影响因素；研制了满足船舶应用要求、具有冲击摇摆适应能力的磁悬浮-气囊主被动混合隔振器。采用收敛快速的窄带多通道Fx-Newton算法，并针对线谱频率波动时的控制鲁棒性，提出了窄带滤波相位差的自适应补偿环节。在船用200 kW柴发机组上进行了主被动混合隔振实验，未开启线谱控制时，可获得>32.8 dB的宽频隔振效果；控制开启后，可进一步有效衰减传递到基座的多根线谱振动，并且在柴发机组的转速波动工况下依然能实现快速收敛、稳定和高效控制。该主被动混合隔振系统可满足船舶机械低频线谱控制的工程实用要求。