为进一步探索深渊海沟，需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下，潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小，同时，材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中，马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中，18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料，因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨，以此为基础，针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析，分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。%Full ocean depth manned submersible is to be designed for further exploring the deep sea trenches. When it is for a certain depth, the successful development of such an efficient system de-pends on the availability of a suitable material for the manned cabin, which contributes significantly to the weight of the manned submersible. The material must be available for construction, and should have the capability to withstand a very high external pressure and have other suitable properties to withstand hazardous environmental conditions. For the design of the full ocean depth manned cabin, the maraging steel has the greatest attraction due to its unique properties, such as high strength with excellent fracture toughness, ease of machining and above all distortion free thermal processing.The 18 percent nickel-cobalt-molybdenum family of maraging steels is thought that they may be a good candidate for full ocean depth manned cabin, so reasonable evaluation on their comprehensive prop-erties should be made for completing the design of the manned cabin. In this paper, the material se-lection methods and some essential properties to be investigated in experiments will be discussed, which will provide initial guidance for subsequent experimental study and preliminary design.
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