为了提高焊接质量,建立了纵向磁场作用下MIG电弧的三维有限元数学模型,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对纵向磁场作用下的电弧进行模拟,得到了纵向磁场作用下电弧的物理特性,并与无外加纵向磁场时进行了对比.结果表明,焊接过程引入纵向磁场后,电弧温度和电弧压力显著降低,电弧温度梯度减小;当焊接电流为120 A,励磁线圈安匝数为1 000时,电弧中心最高温度由16 950 K降到13 700 K,最大电弧压力由91 Pa降到57 Pa;在阳极表面,电弧压力峰值从53 Pa降到20 Pa,并偏离电弧轴线.可以得出结论,在纵向磁场作用下电弧的物理特性发生较大变化,电弧扩张,电弧温度和电弧压力减小,电弧中心形成空心弧.%In order to improve the welding quality, a three dimensional finite element mathematical model for MIG arc under the longitudinal magnetic field was established. The ANSYS finite element analysis software was used to simulate the arc under the longitudinal magnetic field. In addition, the physical characteristics of the arc under the longitudinal magnetic field were obtained, and were compared with those obtained without imposing longitudinal magnetic field. The results show that with introducing the longitudinal magnetic field in the welding process, both temperature and pressure of the arc decrease remarkably, and the temperature gradient of the arc also reduces. When the welding current is 120 A and the ampere-turn of excitation coil is 1 000, the highest temperature at the center of arc decreases from 16 950 K to 13 700 K, and the maximum arc pressure reduces from 91 Pa to 57 Pa. On the surface of anode, the peak value of arc pressure decreases from 53 Pa to 20 Pa, and deviate from the arc axis. It is concluded that under the longitudinal magnetic field, the physical characteristics.of the arc change significantly, and the arc expands. Moreover, the temperature and pressure of the arc decrease, and the hollow arc forms at the center of the arc.
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