不同畜禽粪肥对土壤培肥及玉米增产效应的影响

摘要

To explore the effects of different animal manures on soil enriching and maize yield,effects of different kinds and amounts of animal manures on soil respiration rate,yield and water use efficiency were studied.The results showed that:the soil respiration rate in chicken manure and sheep manure treatments were higher (4.13 and 3.85 μmol/(m2·s)),while in pig manure and cattle manure were lower (3.73 and 3.46 μmol/(m2·s)); the production with chicken manure and sheep manure increased by more than 35％,with pig manure and cattle manure increased by more than 25％,the production was the highest with the fertilizer of 20 230.0 kg/hm2 (T3); water use efficiency increased as the fertilization increased,and the max was 31.07 kg/ (hm2·mm) in chicken manure of T3.It was concluded that animal manures would increase maize yields,improve soil respiration rate and water use efficiency in an order from strong to weak as chicken manure ＞ pig manure ＞ sheep manure ＞ cattle manure.%为了探索不同畜禽粪肥对土壤培肥及玉米增产的作用,通过不同种类和数量的畜禽粪肥对土壤呼吸速率、玉米产量和水分利用效率产生的影响进行分析.结果表明,鸡粪和羊粪处理的土壤呼吸速率较高,分别为4.13,3.85 μmol/(m2·s),猪粪和牛粪处理的较低,分别为3.73,3.46 μmol/(m2·s)；鸡粪和羊粪处理的增产效应达到35％以上,猪粪和牛粪处理的增产效应达到25％以上,均为T3处理产量最高(折合干物质量为20 230.0 kg/hm2)；不同粪肥处理的水分利用效率随着施用量的增大而增大,水分利用效率最大的是鸡粪T3处理,为31.07 kg/(hm2· mm)；施入不同畜禽粪肥后可增加玉米产量、提高土壤呼吸速率和水分利用效率,而且效应由高到低的顺序:鸡粪＞猪粪＞羊粪＞牛粪.这可为不同等级的农田培肥土壤提供理论依据.