北方农牧交错带生态空间潜力研究——以神池县为例

摘要

北方农牧交错带生态环境脆弱,由人类活动造成的土地利用结构不合理、生态空间不足等问题日益突出.基于景观生态学原理,以山西省神池县为例,分析该地的土地利用状况,从宏观尺度对其开展生态空间潜力研究.结果表明,从历史和现实条件看,神池县未来的生态发展应建立以森林为主的生态系统;从景观生态现状分析,该地区主要土地利用景观类型为耕地、林地(人工林和天然林)、草地,而耕地分布广泛且效益低下、林地数量少且质量低劣、草地生态服务功能差等问题限制了生态发展空间,据生态空间潜力计算,约有13.66％的低效草地、4.99％的撂荒耕地以及0.13％的其他未被利用土地可为恢复森林生态系统留出空间,未来林地用地面积可达总面积的42.70％,生态空间潜力巨大.基于潜力分析结果,文章提出了实现恢复森林生态系统目标的途径与阶段,以期为北方农牧交错带偏农区的土地规划和生态发展提供指导性意见.%The ecological environment in the north farming-pastoral ecotones of China is fragile,especially the problems caused by human activities,such as the unreasonable land use structure and the shortage of ecological space etc..Base on the land use data and the principle of landscape ecology,the paper analyzes the potential of ecological space in Shenchi county at the macro scale.The results show that,firstly,considering the historical and realistic conditions,the future ecological development of Shenchi county should establish a forest-based ecosystem.Secondly,the main land use types in this area are cultivated land,forest land (plantation and natural forest) and grassland.And there are some issues limit the development of ecological space which are low efficiency of arable land,low number and poor quality of forest land,poor ecological services of grassland.According to calculation of potential ecological space,there are about 13.66％ of inefficient grassland,4.99％ of abandoned arable land and 0.13％ of other unused land,which can be reserved for restoration of forest ecosystem.As a conclusion that the ecological space of the region has great potential and the area of forest will be up to 42.70％ in the future.Based on the results of potential of ecological space analysis,we put forward the methods and stages of realizing the goal of restoring forest ecosystem,so as to provide guidance for land planning and ecological development in the north farming-pastoral ecotones of China.