长柱头棉花在杂交制种中的研究与利用

摘要

以山西省农业科学院作物研究所棉花远缘杂交课题组近年来培育出的综合性状优良、柱头外露长度不同的4份长柱头材料为研究对象,分析研究了不同授粉方式、不同时段授粉、不同柱长不同时间杂交授粉等方面的差异性,并对杂交种主要经济性状的杂种优势指数进行了测定.结果表明,可以利用长柱头棉花不去雄授粉来简化去雄工序,提高杂交效率;柱头外露长度不同,异交率也不同;生产上宜选用柱头外露长度在10 mm以上、异交率在95％以上且具有较强杂种优势潜力的优良株系来进行转育或杂交制种,一般于8:00-10:00杂交效果最好.%Four long-stigma materials with good comprehensive characters and different stigma length were studied in recent years.Their otherness were analyzed in different pollination methods,pollination at different times different periods of pollination,different column length and different pollination time,etc.The heterosis indices of major economic characters of hybrids were determined.The result showed that the efficiency of hybridization was improved by using long stigma cotton pollination to simplify the emasculation pr~ess.The length of stigma exserted was different,and the outcrossing rate was different.The excellent lines,which had 10 mm length of stigma exsertion,outcrossing rate in more than 95％ and had strong heterosis,was cross breeding or hybrid seed production in production,and the hybrid effect was the best in general 8:00-10:00.