墨子传播思想研究

摘要

Mo Zi Believes that the ultimate objective of propagation is not for the temporary relief in argument,but for the interest of the state and people.Yet the shortcoming of his propagation thought being utilitarian lies in his neglecting the educational effect of music and literature.Based on the idea of ＂Interest＂,Mo Zi opposes all the opinion and theory with no short-term effect and he refutes Confucian idea of ＂Benevolence＂ as unfounded.Taking the practical interest for all opinions then started the autocratic preference of later on Legalists＇ propagation thought.Mo Zi advocates centralized propagation administration system.He alleges that all the public opinion should be integrated with the emperor＇s and distinguishing right and wrong should take the emperor＇s standard.Mo Zi emphasizes the effect of practical experiences in the propagation activities and believes the information possessed through people＇s eyes and ears is reliable.Mo Zi also puts forward the theory of ＂three requirements＂.The first is to judge the opinion according to the historical experience.The second is to take people＇s sense experience as the judging criterion.And the last is to examine opinion in the practice.Mo Zi＇s propagation thought also includes some other aspects,such as the credibility of propagation subject;the relationship between essay and nature;developing view of propagation;practicality of propagation activities;confidence of propagation subject and so on.%墨子认为传播的终极目的不是为了逞一时的口舌之利,而是为了有利于国家百姓,但是他对音乐、文学等的教育作用的忽视,却是其传播思想的功利倾向的弊端所在。墨子基于＂利＂而反对所有没有短期功效的言论和学说,斥儒家的仁爱为虚妄之说,以现实的利害为一切言论的准绳,这就开启了后世法家传播思想的专制色彩。墨子崇尚集权式的传播管理体系,主张天下的舆论要统一于天子的意见,所有的是非都以天子的是非为是非。墨子非常重视实际经验在传播活动中的作用,认为人通过耳、目等获得的各种信息一定是可靠的。墨子还提出了＂言必三表＂的理论,＂上本之于古者圣王之事＂,即根据历史经验来判断言论;＂下原察百姓耳目之实＂,即以百姓的感官经验为判断言论的标准;＂发以为刑政,观其中国家百姓人民之利＂,则是以实践来考察言论。墨子的传播思想还包括了其他方面的内容,例如传播主体的诚信、文与质的关系、发展的传播观、传播活动的实用性、传播主体的自信,等等。