我国运动员心理健康状态量表编制

摘要

目的：：依据心理健康双因素模型,从积极心理健康和常见心理健康问题两方面入手,编制适用于我国运动员的心理健康状态量表。方法：通过文献研究与开放式问卷调查结果初步形成了运动员心理健康状态的85个项目。对80名运动员进行预测试,通过项目分析和探索性因素分析探索量表的结构。对205名运动员进行正式量表的测试,通过验证性因素分析确定出了比较合理的运动员心理健康状态结构,并编制出了运动员心理健康状态量表。此外,还选取其中40名运动员进行30天后的重测,并且采用症状自评量表( SCL－90)和幸福感指数量表作为校标,对运动员心理健康状态量表进行多指标的信度与效度检验。结果：对运动员心理健康状态的研究可以从“运动员常见心理问题”和“运动员积极心理特征”两个维度进行。其中“运动员常见心理问题”分量表包含“抑郁”、“敌对”、“焦虑”和“躯体化”四个因子；“运动员积极心理特征”分量表包含“意志品质”、“社会适应”和“积极智能”三个因子。运动员常见心理问题分量表结构模型的χ2/df <2,GFI>0.80,CFI>0.90,RMSEA<0.08；运动员积极心理特征分量表结构模型的χ2/df <2,GFI>0.90,CFI>0.90,RMSEA<0.08。运动员常见心理问题分量表Cronbachα系数为0.813,重测信度为0.981；运动员积极心理特征分量表 Cronbachα系数为0.615,重测信度为0.971。运动员常见心理问题分量表各因子得分与SCL－90大部分因子间呈显著相关( r＝0.3~0.8),运动员积极心理特征分量表结果与幸福感指数大部分因子间呈显著相关(r＝0.2~0.8)。本量表总体来说各因素之间存在中等程度相关,且均低于与其所在的分量表的相关性,说明具有较好的聚合效度和辨别效度。本量表在性别和运动等级两个变量上基本不存在显著差异。结论：本研究编制的《运动员心理健康状态量表》信效度指标均较佳,可以作为适用于运动员的心理健康状态测量工具。%Objective:According to the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health, Chinese Athlete Mental Health Scale was prepared in terms of common mental disorders and positive mental characteristics. Methods:Based on the overviews of former researchers and the results of the open-ended questio-nnaires, 85 items were collected. The logical structure of athlete mental health was constructed by exploring factor analysis of the 80 preliminary questionnaires and the confirmatory factor analysis of the formal scale given to 205 athletes. At last, 40 subjects randomly selected were retested 30 days later for the test-retest reliability, and by taking SCL-90 and Well-being Scale as criterion validity, Chinese Athlete Mental Health Scale was taken reliability analysis and validity analysis by many indexes. Results: Athlete mental health has two dimensional structures. They are Common Mental Disorders and Positive Mental Characteristics. Common Mental Disorders includes four factors: depression, hostility, anxiety and somatization. Positive Mental Characteristics includes three factors: strong will, social adjustment and positive intelligence. The result of confirmatory factor analysis of Common Mental Disorders was indicated by χ2/df<2, GFI>0. 80, CFI>0. 90, RMSEA<0. 08; the result of confirmatory factor analysis of Positive Mental Characteristics was indicated byχ2/df<2, GFI>0.90, CFI>0.90, RMSEA<0.08. The Cronbachαcoefficient was 0.813 for Common Mental Disorders, and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0. 918; The Cronbach αcoefficient was 0.615 for Positive Mental Characteristics and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0. 971. Significant correlation (r=0.3~0.8) appeared between Common Mental Disorders and SCL-90. Significant correlation ( r=0. 2~0. 8) appeared between Positive Mental Characteristics and Index of Well-being. Moderate correlations were present between each factor, and they were all lower than the correlations of the sub-scales. Convergent validity and discrimination validity were good for Chinese Athlete Mental Health Scale. There is no significant difference on gender and sport level. Conclusions:The scale can be regarded as fitting tool of estimating athlete mental health.