精神分析情境的相互性--关系精神分析的临床观点*

摘要

在精神分析运动史上，关于临床精神分析情境的相互性问题经历了一个从压制到强调的过程。古典精神分析几乎不承认精神分析情境的相互性，而其后的关系模型理论则越来越重视相互性在精神分析情境中的体现。在综合了各关系模型理论的基础上，关系精神分析认为相互性是精神分析情境的一个主要特征。但是，对相互性的强调并不否定自主性，实现相互性与自主性的辩证协调是分析的一个目标，相互性也不意味着对称性或相等性。%In history of psychoana1ysis,the issue of mutua1ity in c1inica1 psychoana1ytic situation has un-dergone a process from repressed to emphasized. C1assic psychoana1ysis did near1y not acknow1edge the mutua1ity of psychoana1ytic situation,but the subsequent re1ationa1 mode1s were paying more and more at-tentions to the mutua1ity expressed in psychoana1ytic situation. On the basis of integrating the theories of re1ationa1 mode1s,re1ationa1 psychoana1ysis be1ieved that mutua1ity was a major feature of psychoana1ytic situation. However,stressing mutua1ity did not connote denying autonomy,reaching the dia1ectics of mu-tua1ity and autonomy was a goa1 of ana1ysis,mutua1ity did not imp1y symmetry or equa1ity.