在越南战争中约翰逊政府的战争决策、心理与行为分析--以“春节攻势”为例

摘要

“春节攻势”是越战的转折点，北越的人员伤亡远高于美军，但美军却遭到战略失败，不得不从军事解决转向政治解决。约翰逊政府在“春节攻势”中的战争决策前后失措，其根本原因在于政府对新闻管制失控、内部斗争激烈、误判战争形势和对手，其决策特征是既封闭又孤立、过多折衷、国内问题国际化等，但是约翰逊政府的战争决策为此后美国的决策机制建设提供了重要参考与借鉴。%The Tet Offensive was the turning Point of the Vietnam War ,although the casualties of Viet Cong was bigger than the American army in this offensive .The U .S .was defeated strategically and had to seek a political nor military resolution .The Johnson Administration failed politically in the Tet Offensive because of the failure of the Media control ,the fierce struggles in the government and the miscalculation the situation and the rival .Because the Johnson administration's decision making was characterized as closed ,isolated ,much compromised and internationalized of domestic affairs ,it provide some references for the U .S .governments thereafter .