随着石化企业的迅猛发展,危险化学品的用量不断增加,生产工艺和条件也越趋苛刻,在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也存在重大安全事故隐患,因此石化企业危险工艺的风险评估显得尤为重要.考虑到目前国内还没有能够比较科学完整地评估石化企业危险化工工艺风险等级的安全评价方法,在国家安监总局划分的15种危险化工工艺的基础上,根据危险化工工艺表征涉及的影响因素,结合化工工艺的实际情况,选择具有典型代表意义的重要性评价指标作为研究对象,将危险化工工艺风险等级分为工艺固有危险性以及安全补偿两部分,其中固有危险性又分为目标层、准则层和因素层3个层次.采用理论分析法与专家咨询法筛选指标,最终建立了由67个具体指标组成的动态指标体系,从而为政府和企业加强安全管理提供了便利,进一步实现石化企业的本质安全化.%With the dramatic development of petrochemical industry, the consumption of dangerous chemicals has been increasing and the technical conditions have become more and more harsh. The huge industrial profit is also accompanied by lots of potential security problems. Therefore, the risk evaluation of the petrochemical process is especially important. Considering that there is no good safety assessment method to assess the risk level of the petrochemical process completely, on the basis of 15 dangerous chemical processes which are divided by the Chinese Administration of Safety, and according to the factors related to the characterization of dangerous chemical processes and the practical chemical crafts, some important and typical evaluation targets were selected as objects, and it was pointed at that the technical risk rank could be two parts. One was inherent risk, and the other was safety allow-ance. Inherent risk can be divided into 3 levels; the aim level, the rule level, and the factors level. At last, under the guide of theory analysis and experts consultation, a dynamic index system made up by 67 specific targets is established. This evaluation system will help government and enterprises to strengthen their security management, and carry out the inherent safety of petrochemical industry.
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