X射线防护服所需铅当量的研究与应用

摘要

铅当量是X射线防护服最重要的性能指标,铅当量的大小决定着X射线防护服屏蔽X射线的能力.X射线防护服的铅当量有不同的等级,需根据不同的X射线照射条件和工作情况选择使用.本文通过计算给出了几种常用管电压下防护服屏蔽散漏X射线所需的铅当量值,可为X射线防护服的使用单位或个人在购买和使用时提供参考.选择适合铅当量的X射线防护服,可以避免因选用的防护服或用具铅当量不足而达不到有效屏蔽X射线的效果,造成健康的危害；也可以避免因选用过大铅当量的X射线防护服或用具,致使作业人员过多负重,导致疲劳,发生人为失误,也可以避免造成不必要的经济浪费.另外,为了保证X射线防护服的使用效果,本文给出了X射线防护服的检验、贮存和使用等管理方法.%Lead equivalent is the most important performance of X-ray protective clothing, lead equivalent size determines the shielding X-ray ability of X-ray protective clothing. The lead equivalent of X-ray Protective Clothing has different grades, the selection and using should be based on different X-ray exposure conditions and working conditions. This paper provides the required lead equivalents of protective clothing to shield the scattered leak X-ray under some common tube voltages, which can provide the reference on the purchase and use of X-ray Protective Clothing for units or individuals. Selecting suitable lead equivalent of the X-ray protective clothing can avoid the insufficient of the lead equivalent when choosing protective clothing or appliance, which can bring healthy hazards because the shield for the X-ray is not effective. It also can avoid selecting the excessive lead equivalent of the X-ray protective clothing or appliance, with which the excessive lead equivalent of the X-ray protective clothing or appliance may cause too much load to operating personnel, cause fatigue, and human error will be occurred. It also can avoid unnecessary financial waste. In addition, in order to ensure the using effect of X-ray protective clothing, this paper gives the management methods of test, reposition and using to the X-ray protective clothing.