基于室内 GIS 和定位技术的消防一体化指挥系统

摘要

To improve the fire emergency rescue capability and the transparent command level of large public build-ings and high-rise buildings, the research on indoor GIS and positioning technologies are very necessary.Aiming at the problems like inconsistent expression of indoor and outdoor GIS data model, the difficulty of indoor map update and being incapable of efficient integration of indoor and outdoor road networks at now, the standard GML was ap-plied to uniformly express the fire indoor GIS data model.The open WebGIS service was applied to update the fire indoor map periodically, and the integrated road network was used to realize the shortest rescue path analysis be-tween outdoor space and indoor space.Aiming at the problems of imprecision on indoor positioning accuracy, a fu-sion positioning algorithm was studied to improve indoor positioning accuracy of base station.Taking emergency command center of Tianjin Binhai High-tech Zone as a demonstration, the fire integrated command system based on indoor GIS and positioning technologies was established.The results showed that the proposed technical solutions had high accurate results, and the demonstrator system had good application values.%为了提高大型公共建筑和高层建筑内的消防应急救援能力和透明化指挥水平，研究室内地理信息系统（ GIS）和定位技术是十分必要的。针对目前室内外GIS数据模型表达不一致、室内地图更新困难和室内外路网无法有效集成问题，探讨标准GML对消防室内GIS数据模型进行统一表达，采用开源WebGIS服务对消防室内地图进行定期更新，并通过一体化路网实现由室内外空间的最短救援路径分析。针对目前室内定位精度不高的问题，研究通过融合定位算法提高基站室内定位精度。以天津滨海高新区应急指挥中心作为应用示范，建立了基于上述室内GIS和定位技术的消防一体化指挥系统，研究结果表明，提出的技术方案结果精度较高，示范系统具有良好的应用价值。