壳聚糖季铵盐的制备及其降尘性能研究

摘要

A new environmental dust suppression agent for coal mine was prepared by using chitosan as raw material , which was modified by quaternary ammonium .The synthesis of monomer 3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chlo-ride ( CTA) and the preparation of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt ( HTCC ) were mainly discussed .The influence of some factors including reaction time , reaction temperature , alkali dosage and monomer ratio on the dust suppression rate of HTCC were studied through single factor test , and the optimal synthetic conditions were m(NaOH)/m(CTA) =1.2, m (CTA)/m(CTS)=3.5, the reaction time of 10 h under the reaction temperature of 60 ℃, which were determined by using orthogonal experiments .The HTCC was characterized by IR and XRD .When the dosing quantity of HTCC is 0.4 g/L, pH=6 and the temperature is 25 ℃, the dust suppression rate reached the maximum value as 94 .6%.It has good application prospect in dust suppression field .%以壳聚糖为原料，对其季铵化改性制备了一种新型煤矿用环保降尘剂。主要包括单体3－氯－2－羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（ CTA）的合成与壳聚糖季铵盐（ HTCC）的制备。通过单因素试验研究了反应时间、反应温度、碱用量、单体配比等因素对 HTCC 降尘率的影响，并采用正交实验确定了最佳的工艺合成条件为：m （ NaOH ）／m （ CTA ）＝1．2， m （CTA）／m（CTS）＝3．5，60℃下反应10 h；用IR、XRD表征了HTCC。当HTCC投加量为0．4 g／L，pH＝6、温度25℃时，煤尘去除率达到最大约为94．6％，在降尘领域中有着良好的应用前景。