我国可重复使用液体火箭发动机发展的思考

摘要

重复使用是降低航天发射成本的重要途径之一,是液体火箭发动机未来发展的重要方向.本文分析了可重复使用液体发动机的发展趋势,针对可重复使用运载器对发动机功能的需求,探讨了动力系统方案;对比了液氧煤油和液氧甲烷等推进剂组合和不同循环方式,认为几种发动机方案均可满足重复使用运载器的需求;研究了重复使用发动机的关键技术,提出应重点研究可重复使用液体火箭发动机高温组件热结构疲劳寿命评估及延寿技术、运动组件摩擦磨损技术、结构动载荷控制与评估技术、快速检测评估与维修维护技术、健康监控与故障诊断技术、二次或多次起动技术与大范围推力调节技术等.%Reusability is an important way to reduce the cost of space launch,and is an important direction for the future development of liquid rocket engine.The development tendency of reusable liquid rocket engine is described in this paper.The power systems are discussed according to the demands of engine functions of the reusable launch vehicle (RLV).The combination of LOX/Kerosene and LOX/Methane propellants as well as their different cycle modes are compared.It is found according to the comparison that all these mentioned above can meet the needs of RLV.The key technologies of the reusable engine were studied,which indicates that the assessment technologies for thermal fatigue of high-temperature engine components,motion assembly friction and wear,structural dynamic load control,rapid detection of repair and maintenance,health monitoring,fault diagnosis secondary or multi-start,and wide-range thrust modulation should be researched emphatically.