本文对中国、日本和韩国的农业文化遗产保护计划，特别是在联合国粮农组织(FAO)全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)项目和国家计划实施之下的保护与发展工作进行了比较分析。研究表明，中日韩三国的GIAHS实践和国内制度推行的发展历程、认定标准、申请程序以及实施架构等方面显示出国情背景间的差异。例如，在推行GIAHS实践和国内制度的时间顺序上三国各不相同。中国在GIAHS认证数年后推出国家认定制度，日本目前只有GIAHS没有国家认定制度，而韩国在GIAHS认证之前已实施国家认定制度。因此，目前中国和韩国的GIAHS候选地是从国内认定的农业文化遗产地挑选出来的。另一方面，从认定标准可以看出中日韩三国对于农业文化遗产保护的理念有共同点，均重视农业遗产系统相关的历史意义、文化价值、合作互促、农村振兴、生物多样性保护等。因此，中日韩三国间的紧密合作以及他们的观点将对改进FAO的GIAHS认定标准、促进其更全面地适用于发展中国家和发达国家起到重要作用。%The paper compares the agricultural heritage conservation schemes of China, Japan and Korea and, in particular, the national programs and their implementation under Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)’s Globaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). This comparison alows an under-standing of the background of developments, designation criteria, application procedures and implementation structures of GIAHS and of the respective domestic programs in terms of the differences in national circumstances of Japan, China and South Korea. The sequence of implementation of GIAHS and the national program differs in each of the three countries. China introduced a national program after GIAHS designation, Japan has GIAHS but no national program, and Korea implemented a national program before its GIAHS designation. Thus GIAHS can-didate sites in China and Korea are now selected from among their respective pools of national agricultural heritage sites. On the other hand, commonalities can be seen in the perspectives of the three countries with regards to ag-ricultural heritage conservation through the common emphasis placed on the designation criteria: historical sig-nificance, cultural value, fostering partnerships, rural revitalization and biodiversity conservation associated with the agricultural heritage systems etc. Thus, the cooperation between China, Japan and Korea and the perspectives they have wil contribute to proposals for improvements to the FAO designation criteria for GIAHS. These wil be comprehensively applicable to both developing and developed countries.
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机译：本文对中国、日本和韩国的农业文化遗产保护计划，特别是在联合国粮农组织(FAO)全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)项目和国家计划实施之下的保护与发展工作进行了比较分析。研究表明，中日韩三国的GIAHS实践和国内制度推行的发展历程、认定标准、申请程序以及实施架构等方面显示出国情背景间的差异。例如，在推行GIAHS实践和国内制度的时间顺序上三国各不相同。中国在GIAHS认证数年后推出国家认定制度，日本目前只有GIAHS没有国家认定制度，而韩国在GIAHS认证之前已实施国家认定制度。因此，目前中国和韩国的GIAHS候选地是从国内认定的农业文化遗产地挑选出来的。另一方面，从认定标准可以看出中日韩三国对于农业文化遗产保护的理念有共同点，均重视农业遗产系统相关的历史意义、文化价值、合作互促、农村振兴、生物多样性保护等。因此，中日韩三国间的紧密合作以及他们的观点将对改进FAO的GIAHS认定标准、促进其更全面地适用于发展中国家和发达国家起到重要作用。%The paper compares the agricultural heritage conservation schemes of China, Japan and Korea and, in particular, the national programs and their implementation under Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)’s Globaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). This comparison alows an under-standing of the background of developments, designation criteria, application procedures and implementation structures of GIAHS and of the respective domestic programs in terms of the differences in national circumstances of Japan, China and South Korea. The sequence of implementation of GIAHS and the national program differs in each of the three countries. China introduced a national program after GIAHS designation, Japan has GIAHS but no national program, and Korea implemented a national program before its GIAHS designation. Thus GIAHS can-didate sites in China and Korea are now selected from among their respective pools of national agricultural heritage sites. On the other hand, commonalities can be seen in the perspectives of the three countries with regards to ag-ricultural heritage conservation through the common emphasis placed on the designation criteria: historical sig-nificance, cultural value, fostering partnerships, rural revitalization and biodiversity conservation associated with the agricultural heritage systems etc. Thus, the cooperation between China, Japan and Korea and the perspectives they have wil contribute to proposals for improvements to the FAO designation criteria for GIAHS. These wil be comprehensively applicable to both developing and developed countries.
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