全球气候变暖背景下的土地干旱化现象研究—以贝加尔地区为例

摘要

An increase in the extremality of natural processes is a consequence of warming, aridization, and desertification.The authors consider the processes of warming, aridization, and desertification to be the parts of a single system and major destabilizing factors of ecological balance. Destabilization is expressed in the growth of natural processes extremality. Ecosystems of Transbaikalia were once characterized by a different natural contrast and amplitude. Warming, aridization and desertification have led to an increase of environmental regimes tensions. This is demonstrated quantitatively by the root-mean-square difference of atmospheric and soil parameters. Quantitative indicators of aridization are estimated using Walter-Gossen climate charts. Permafrost zone response information to the long-term warming is provided as well.%气候变暖、干旱化和荒漠化导致了自然过程极端事件的增加.本文认为气候变暖、干旱化和荒漠化过程作为整体系统的组成部分,是生态平衡的重大不稳定因素.自然过程极值的增长是生态系统失衡的一种表现形式.气候变暖、干旱化和荒漠化加剧了跨贝加尔地区生态系统的失衡及当地紧张的环境局势.本文采用大气和土壤参数的均方根差及Walter-Gossen气候图表定量估计了跨贝加尔地区的干旱状态,并提供了永久冻土区对长期变暖响应的有关信息.