专业知识共享和服务研究与实践——以地理资源与生态专业知识服务系统为例

摘要

知识共享与服务是消除知识贫困、促进社会发展的有效途径之一.已有的知识共享与服务主要在某一机构或特定的社会群体之间开展,本研究提出建设一个地理资源与生态专业领域面向全体社会成员的公益性知识共享与服务平台的设想,并进行了实践.知识共享与服务平台建设需要考虑五个方面问题即:用户需求、标准规范与政策、知识资源现状、技术条件和运维服务.知识资源可以通过"两步走"方案进行整合:第一步,建设单位构建知识资源核心库;第二步,通过"付出与收益对等"的机制、开放知识资源上传接口等方法,实现分散知识资源的整合集成.知识共享与服务系统可以使用基于Hadoop分布式集群架构的四层结构实现,即依次实现资源层,资源访问层,应用层和服务层.实践证明,坚持"共建、共享"的理念、采用"付出与获益对等"的机制,能有效的促进知识资源的汇聚、调动全体社会成员开展知识共享与服务的积极性,实现缩小社会群体间知识鸿沟的目的.本文的创新点在于首次在地理资源与生态领域提出了建设面向全体社会成员的公益性专业知识共享与服务平台的理念和方法,明确了知识资源整合的方案,搭建了基于分布式集群架构的知识共享与服务系统.%Knowledge Sharing and Service is one effective way to eliminate knowledge poverty and promote social development. Existing knowledge sharing and service is mainly provided in some organizations or specific social groups. Besides, a knowledge sharing and service system about geography, natural resources and ecology has not been reported. We proposed a public welfare professional knowledge-sharing and service platform for all members of society in geography, natural resources and ecology. The construction of a knowledge-sharing and service plat-form is based on five aspects of work: analysis of user requirements, setting standards and drafting policies, ag-gregating knowledge resources, the technical realization and the maintenance of service. Knowledge resources can be aggregated by using a "two-step" strategy. A knowledge-sharing and service system can be implemented by using "four-tier" structures that are comprised of resources, resource access, application and service, based on the Hadoop-distributed cluster architecture. It has been proven that adhering to the idea of co-building and co-sharing, and using the mechanism of "payment is equal to benefit" can effectively promote the gathering of knowledge re-sources, and arouse the enthusiasm of all members of society to participate in knowledge sharing and service, to achieve the objective of narrowing the knowledge gap between social groups.