中国民生发展国际竞争力实证分析

摘要

In the past,researches on livelihood tended to focus on such issues as survival and living standard,development opportunity and capacity,as well as rights protection.Apart from those issues, in fact,productivity,infrastructure and social institution also play important roles in promoting people's livelihood.Based on statistics,this paper proposes a new theory of people's livelihood develop-ment,which aims at the establishment of a sustainable development system of people's livelihood,so-ciety and productivity,taking double engines of people's livelihood and productivity development as the core.Based on the international competitiveness of people's livelihood development index conducted in 59 countries from 1996 to 2014,it is shown that developed countries generally enjoy a high level of people�s livelihood,and values determine a country's development pattern.Countries trying to catch up with the developed countries have their own advantages in some fields.While China has achieved con-siderable progress in employment,education and infrastructure,yet social security system,sanitary and medical services and leisure remain its deficiencies in people's livelihood development.What�s more,ecological deterioration,income inequality,social institutional environment changes do not con-tribute favorably to people�s livelihood development.%改善民生不仅要考虑人民生存和生活水平、发展机会和能力，以及权益保护等消费层面，而且还要重视生产力、创新、基础设施及社会制度环境对民生核心要素的互动关系，以实现民生系统持续有效发展。在建立民生发展国际竞争力指标体系基础上，对59个国家或地区1996—2014年民生发展国际竞争力水平进行测度的结果显示，经济社会发达国家民生发展竞争力普遍较好，不同的发展价值理念造就了民生发展系统的不同运行模式，发展中国家在一些领域具有优势。我国在就业、教育和基础设施建设等方面成效显著，社会保障、卫生医疗和休闲要素是发展短板，而生态环境恶化、收入不均和社会制度环境发展趋势对民生改善的支持作用有限。