回波仿真是研究雷达成像体制、算法及后续应用的前提条件,目标散射建模又是回波仿真的重要一环.在THz频段,目标常常具有超电大尺寸,这使得利用经典电磁计算方法面临现实困难.而波长的减小使得目标表面粗糙起伏成为不能忽略的因素,这使得传统基于点散射模型的回波生成手段难以适用.如何对目标进行THz散射建模及高效的雷达回波生成成为亟待解决的问题.该文提出了基于面片分级的半确定性建模方法,采用粗糙面全波法计算面片的散射场,再将各面片散射场转换至目标坐标系并相干叠加得到带有相位信息的雷达回波.利用小尺寸粗糙模型,通过与高频数值方法进行对比,验证了该文方法的有效性,并给出了全尺寸锥体的成像结果.初步解决了THz频段全尺寸凸体粗糙目标散射建模及回波生成问题,为后续成像体制和算法研发打下了基础.%Echo simulation is a precondition for developing radar imaging systems, algorithms, and subsequent applications. Electromagnetic scattering modeling of the target is key to echo simulation. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, targets are usually of ultra-large electrical size that makes applying classical electromagnetic calculation methods unpractical. In contrast, the short wavelength makes the surface roughness of targets a factor that cannot be ignored, and this makes the traditional echo simulation methods based on point scattering hypothesis in applicable. Modeling the scattering characteristics of targets and efficiently generating its radar echoes in THz bands has become a problem that must be solved. In this paper, a hierarchical semi-deterministic modeling method is proposed. A full-wave algorithm of rough surfaces is used to calculate the scattered field of facets. Then, the scattered fields of all facets are transformed into the target coordinate system and coherently summed. Finally, the radar echo containing phase information can be obtained. Using small-scale rough models, our method is compared with the standard high-frequency numerical method, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. Imaging results of a full-scale cone-shape target is presented, and the scattering model and echo generation problem of the full-scale convex targets with rough surfaces in THz bands are preliminary solved; this lays the foundation for future research on imaging regimes and algorithms.
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