论《诗经》士人文化主体精神与社会认同

摘要

《诗经》时代的“士”是一个“阶级”、也是一种“职业”。由于社会的变革，“士”阶级不断扩大，在理性觉醒和时代精神感召下，具有文化知识的士人阶级渐次形成并走向政治舞台，体现出具有进步意义的民本思想和“德政精神”，由此一种新的士人主体文化精神形成并在社会践行，成为社会文化核心精神。民本思想的显露，疏远了神权巫术，承认了人的至高无尚作用。士人的新思想、新观念朦胧性的成熟及人格理想的形成，同充满活力和野心的时代相结合，得到了社会认同。而诸子百家思想就在这士人文化母体中孕育并形成。%In the era Book of Songs, scholars were not only a class, but also a profession. Due to the social revolution, scholar class was enlarged constantly. In the appeal of sensible awakening and time spirit, scholars who had cultural knowledge formed a class gradually and stepped onto the political arena. They had＂ people-based＂ thought with progressive significance and ＂ ethic-political＂ spirit. Therefore, a new subjective cultural spirit of scholars was formed and put into practice in society. It became a core spirit of social culture. The appearance of ＂people-based＂ thought alienated theocracy and sorcery, and recognized the supreme function of human-beings. In the vigorous and ambitious era, the dim mature of scholars＂ new idea and thought and the formation of its ideal personality had got the approval of society. The Hundred Schools of Thoughts were gestated and formed in the matrix of scholars＂ culture.