论《世说新语》的文体性质及其意义

摘要

有关《世说新语》性质的认识长期以来存在争议,文体渊源的追溯也许给解决这个问题带来新的契机.在《世说新语》诸多异称中,"说"与"语"不但占据核心地位,同时也昭示极强的文体意义.通过对"说"与"语"的揭示,在很大程度上还原、澄清了《世说新语》的文体性质,即《世说新语》是一部语类文献,本质上属于史传文体.在这一视野之下,《世说新语》所创制的"世说体"是继此前语类文献"国别体""语录体""奏疏体"之后又一重要的文体创造.随着《世说新语》这部文献的完成,此后虽然还出现不少的语类文献,但在文体方面基本上是重复过去的形态,再没有出现能够与 "国别体""语录体""奏疏体""世说体"相媲美的文体.在这个意义上,《世说新语》可以说是对以往语类文献编撰及文体的一次总结,它所创制的"世说体"在语类文献文体方面达到新的高度.%The ShiShuoXinYu nature has long been controversial, back style origin may give to solve this problem and bring new opportunities.In ShiShuoXinYu many different appellation,shuo and yu is not only the core, but also shows a strong stylistic significance.Through the analysis of shuo and yu, to a great extent, to clarify the reduction style nature ShiShuoXinYu, namely ShiShuoXinYu is a genre of literature, essentially belongs to the historical biography style.Under this view, ShiShuoXinYu created by the shisuostyle is following the previous literature genre guobie style and yulu style and zoushu style after another important literary creation.With ShiShuoXinYu this document is completed, then although the genre also appeared a lot of literature, but in terms of style basically is to repeat the past form, no longer can form the style comparable to guobie style and yulu style and zoushu style, shisuotype.In this sense, ShiShuoXinYu can be said to be a summary of the previous literature compilation style and genre, it created shisuostyle in genre literature style to reach a new height.