弱势群体公法保护视野下的社会帮扶问题

摘要

弱势群体保护问题是当今社会，尤其是公法学界所面临的严峻课题。为了有效应对这一问题，应采用比较研究、实证研究、文献研究的方法，在继续完善传统公法意义上的相关保障性制度的基础上，积极构建弱势群体的社会帮扶制度。弱势群体的社会帮扶制度一方面以服务行政理论为理论依据，要求弱势群体保护由当下的“政治负责”向“社会负责”过渡；另一方面，社会帮扶制度又以公共服务理论为理论支撑，要求政府由高权强制型向怀柔服务型转变。在实践中，弱势群体的社会帮扶制度应遵循政府与社会“两条腿走路”的基本逻辑，而该制度的构建应秉承若干基本思路：破除观念束缚，培育和构建公民社会；丰富社会主体形式，弥补行政保障不足；完善其他社会帮扶途径。%The problem of protecting the vulnerable groups is a tough issue facing the current society ,and the field of public law in particular .To tackle this problem ,vigorous efforts should be made to develop social assistance system for the vulnerable through comparative studies ,empirical studies and literature researches on the basis of further im-proving relevant protection system .With the administrative theory of service as theoretical framework on the one hand,the social assistance system for the vulnerable requires the transition of the protection system from "political responsibility"to"social responsibility";on the other hand ,supported by public service theory ,the social assistance system demands the government to change from political hegemony to service-oriented mollification.In practice,the social assistance system for the vulnerable should"walk on two legs", namely the government and the society .The pursuit of such system ought to discard conventional ideas ,foster civil society ,diversify social subjects ,strengthen administrative guarantee ,and explore other channels for social assistance .