明代武举乡试的发展特征、原因与启示

摘要

The primary test of ming D ynasty wuju examination belongs to the ming D ynasty martial arts for the examination. In contrast, its developmenThas not been implemented over a long period of time. It is of discontinuity, lack of publicattention and is short of selection qualify. B ut compared with the former military examination,wuju examination have been strengthened in specification,feasibility in ming D ynasty.IThas been improved to some extent. A t the same time, the characteristics of its development is closely related to the ruling crisis. G enerally, wuju examination is inferior in social position in ming D ynasty . It is not only the result of the development of wuju examination, social development and change of political situation of ming D ynasty,but also the inevitable end of the rulers governing philosophy and deviation of their defense policy.%明代武举乡试属于明代武举的初级考试，与文举乡试相较而言，其发展呈现长期未确立且施行具有一定的间断性、长期未获高度重视，铨选资格缺失的特点。但与前朝武举乡试相比，明代武举乡试在规范性、可行性上得到空前强化，具有一定的进步性。同时，其发展与统治危机紧密相关的特征凸显。从总体上看，明代武举乡试的地位始终得不到提高。这既是明代武举乡试制度本身发展与明代社会政治形势发展变化的结果，也是统治者治国理念与国防政策偏离的必然结局。