我国区域生态环境治理中的市场性政策工具研究

摘要

The pollutant discharge fees, which were imposed in 1978 is the inchoation for the market-based policy instruments used in the regional ecological environment governance in China. So far, there are several kinds of the market-based policies, such as taxes, user charge emission trading, green credit, ecological compensation and subsidies, and so on. These policies have some effect in the regional ecological environment governance, but still need further perfection. The characters of environmental problems, policy objectives, policy tools, and policy environment are the influential factors of instrument selection. At last, there are several suggestions for market-based policy-making in the regional ecological environment governance.%从1978年开始征收的超标排污费、污水排污费等，是我国区域生态环境治理中市场性政策工具使用的发端，迄今为止已有数种之多，包括税收、用者付费、排污权交易、绿色信贷、生态补偿、补贴等。它们的应用在我国区域生态环境治理中产生了一些效果，但有待进一步完善。生态环境问题的特性，政府的政策目标，市场性政策工具自身，以及由政策制定者的素质、生态意识和制度环境组成的政策环境等因素，均会对政策选择和实施效果产生影响。最后，本文将对如何完善市场性政策工具提出一些建议。