帕特里克·墨菲生态批评的“他者”与“另一个”

摘要

20世纪以来，人类生存环境极度恶化，生态危机已经成为影响整个人类生存根本的全球问题。这种窘境也迫使人们开始重新反思人与自然、人与“非人类”世界的关系问题。著名生态批评家墨菲认为，人类对自然肆意破坏的背后隐藏着人类中心主义的统治逻辑，而这个逻辑的根源便是西方传统的二元论思想。为此，墨菲借鉴巴赫金的对话理论，提出“另一个”的概念，用以消解二元论体系中“自我”与“他者”的对立。本文尝试依鉴巴赫金的对话理论，对墨菲生态批评理论中的“另一个”概念进行梳理，从而展示另一种关于人类与非人类之间关系的思考。%The global environmental crisis since 20th century urges human being to rethink the relationship between human and nature, and between human and non-human world. American ecocrtic, Patrick D. Murphy, tracks the sources of human abusing nature down to the underlying dominant logic of anthropocentricism originated from dualism in western tradition. By using Bakhtin ’s dialogic theory, Murphy puts forward the concept of “another” instead of the “other” to deconstruct the binary opposition between “self” and“other” in western dualism. The article attempts to sort out Murphy ’s concept of “another”, so as to provide a new way to explain the relationship between human and non-human world.