皖南山区杉山林场春季木本植物花粉形态特征分析

摘要

Pollen morphological characteristics of wood plants (flowering in spring) of 25 species and 5 varieties of 25 genera belonging to 16 families from Shanshan Forest Farm in the mountain areas of South Anhui were observed by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) , and some pollen characteristics, such as pollen shape, shape and axis length of polar and equatorial planes, P/E value, types of aperture and exine ornamentation, were also described.On these bases, the scientific significance of these pollen morphological characteristics was discussed.Pollen types of 25 species and 5 varieties tested are mainly subsphaeroidal and flat sphere with the percentages of 43.3% and 33.3% , respectively, and a few are prolate.Aperture type is mainly 3-colporate with a percentage of 73.4% , and also contains 3-colporoidate, 3(4)-colporate, 2-porate, 3-porate and stephanoporate types.Exine ornamentation is mostly fine reticulate, granulate and striate-perforate with the percentages of 26.7% , 23.3% and 20.0% , respectively.Pollens of Styracaceae and Symplocaceae have a certain difference in lumina diameter.Morphological characteristics of these pollens reflect the vegetation flora characteristics of intersection of Middle Subtropics and North Subtropics in South Anhui, and provide the modern palynological basis for pollen research of the Quaternary Strata.In which, pollen characteristicsrnof Juglans cathayensis var.formosana (Hayata) A.M.Lu et R.H.Chang, Actinidia chinensis Planch., Carpinus cordata var.chinensis Franch., Pterostyrax corymbosus Sieb.et Zucc, Symplocos subconnata Hand.-Mazz.and Weigela japonica var.sinica ( Rehd.) Bailey can be used as substitutive indexes of corresponding climate environment.%应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对皖南山区杉山林场春季开花的16科25属25种5变种木本植物的花粉形态特征进行了观察,并对花粉形状、赤道面和极面形状及轴长、P/E值、萌发孔及外壁纹饰类型等特征进行了描述,在此基础上探讨了花粉形态特征的科学意义.供试的25种5变种植物的花粉类型以近球形和扁球形为主,分别占43.3％和33.3％,还有少量为长球形.萌发孔以3孔沟为主,占73.4％;还有3拟孔沟、3(4)孔沟、2孔、3孔和多孔等类型.外壁纹饰以细网状、颗粒状及条纹-穿孔状为主,分别占26.7％、23.3％和20.0％.安息香科(Styracaceae)与山矾科(Symplocaceae)种类的花粉在网孔直径上具有一定的差异.这些花粉的形态特征体现了该地区的中亚热带及北亚热带交汇的植被区系特征,并为第四纪地层孢粉研究提供现代孢粉学依据;其中,华东野核桃[Juglans cathayensis var.formosana (Hayata)A.M.Lu et R.H.Chang]、中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)、华千金榆(Carpinus cordata var.chinensis Franch.)、小叶白辛树(Pterostyrax corymbosus Sieb.et Zucc.)、银色山矾(Symplocos subconnata Hand.-Mazz.)和水马桑[Weigela japonica var.sinica(Rehd.) Bailey]的花粉特征可作为相应气候环境的代用指标.