内蒙古河套灌区春小麦推荐施肥指标体系研究

摘要

为建立河套灌区春小麦施肥指标体系,指导科学施肥,2006～2008年在河套灌区分高、中、低土壤肥力水平设置春小麦＂3414＂肥料肥效试验141个。结果表明,河套灌区春小麦N、P2O5、K2O的农学效率平均分别为6.4、6.0、5.4 kg/kg;N的增产率为25.2%～40.9%,平均33.5%;P2 O5增产率为15.9%～21.1%,平均18.4%;K2 O增产率为7.2%～9.0%,平均8.0%;增产作用大小依次为氮肥〉磷肥〉钾肥;随着土壤肥力水平的降低,施肥增产率升高,但单位养分增产量下降。根据土壤养分测定值和相对产量的关系建立了河套灌区春小麦的土壤养分丰缺指标：全氮,极低（〈0.63 g/kg）、低（0.63～0.85 g/kg）、中（0.85～1.15 g/kg）、高（1.15～1.56 g/kg）、极高（〉1.56 g/kg）;有效磷,极低（〈5.9 mg/kg）、低（5.9～11.8 mg/kg）、中（11.8～23.8 mg/kg）、高（23.8～48.0 mg/kg）、极高（〉48.0 mg/kg）;速效钾,极低（〈90.6 mg/kg）、低（90.6～129.1 mg/kg）、中（129.1～184 mg/kg）、高（184～262 mg/kg）、极高（〉262 mg/kg）。根据肥料效应确定了氮、磷、钾养分最佳施肥量与土壤养分的关系,建立了河套灌区春小麦基于土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾测定值的氮、磷、钾推荐施肥模型,初步构建了内蒙古河套灌区春小麦的推荐施肥指标体系。%To establish index of fertilizer recommendation for Spring wheat in Hetao Irrigated Area,a total of 141 fertilizer trials designed as ＂3414＂ were carried out on irrigated Spring wheat based on soil fertility in Hetao irrigated area.The results showed that agronomy efficiency of N,P2O5 and K2O on Spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area was 6.4,6.0 and 5.4 kg/kg respectively.Contrbution of N,P2O5 and K2O to Spring wheat yield was 25.2%-40.9% with mean of 33.5%,15.9%-21.1% with mean of 18.4%,and 7.2%-9.0% with mean of 8.0% respectively,with yield increasing effect of NP2O5 K2O.Yeild response by fertilizer application increased with the declining of soil fertility,while agronomic efficiency decreased.The indices of sufficiency and deficiency of soil nutrients in Hetao irrigation area were built according to the relation of soil nutrient and relative yield.Total N was divided into five levels： lower（0.63 g/kg）,low（0.63-0.85 g/kg）,medium（0.85-1.15 g/kg）,high（1.15-1.56 g/kg）,higher（1.56 g/kg）.Olsen-P into： lower（5.9 mg/kg）,low（5.9-11.8 mg/kg）,medium（11.8-23.8 mg/kg）,high（23.8-48.0 mg/kg）,higher（48.0 mg/kg）.Available K： lower（90.6 mg/kg）,low（90.6-129.1 mg/kg）,medium（129.1-184 mg/kg）,high（184-262 mg/kg）,higher（262 mg/kg）.Fertilizer N,P and K recommendation models for Spring wheat in Hetao irrigated area were established according to the relationship of optimal application of N,P2O5 and K2O and soil nutrients.Index of fertilizer recommendation for Spring wheat in Inner Mongolia Hetao irrigated area was constructed primarily.