不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响

摘要

To provide a theoretical basis for establishing the organic fertilization system in the semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia, the effects of organic fertilization, taking no organic fertilizer as the control, on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and crop productivity were studied under different organic fertilizer treatments （H 90000 kg/ha, M 60000 kg/ha, L 30000 kg/ha） for four years （2007 -2010）. After the winter wheat harvest （2010）, the re- suits of four years field experiment show that different organic fertilizer amounts have different effects on the contents of soil nutrient, Urease, Phosphatase, Catalase and Invertase activities of 0 - 60 cm soil layer, the order is high and middle straw returning treatments 〉 low straw returning treatments 〉 CK, the fertilizer treatments have significant differences with the CK. Compared with the CK, with the reduction of organic fertilizer applications, the yield are increased by 35.05% , 20. 77% and 11.51% （P 〈0.01 ） , the crop water use efficiencies are increased by 38.26%, 22. 61% and 11.88% （P 〈0.01）. The study shows that in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia, the organic fertilizer technology can play an active role in improving soil nutrient, promoting enzyme activity, increasing crop yield and crop water use efficiency significantly.%为了给有机培肥技术体系的建立提供依据，在宁南旱区4年有机培肥定位试验中，以不施有机肥作为埘照（CK），设置了3种有机肥施用量处理（高90000kg／hm^2、中60000kg／hm^2、低30000kg／hm^2），对不同处理条件下的土壤养分、酶活性、作物产量及水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明，在2010年冬小麦收获后，各处理0-60cm土层土壤养分含量、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性大小顺序均为高、中龟有机肥〉低景有机肥〉不施有机肥，各施肥处理较CK差异显著（P〈0．05）。随有机肥施肥量由高到低，产量分别较CK提高35．05％、20．77％和11．51％；作物水分利用效率分别较CK提高38．26％、22．61％和11．88％，差异均极显著。说明在宁南半干旱区长期施用有机肥对提高土壤养分含量、酶活性、冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率有显并效果。