氮素和水分处理对稻米植酸含量和蛋白组分的影响

摘要

以直立密穗型粳稻品种＂秀水110＂和弯曲散穗型粳稻品种＂春江15＂为材料,对不同氮素水平处理和水分管理方式下稻米植酸含量和蛋白组分的影响及其互作效应进行了研究。结果表明,旱作栽培处理会导致水稻籽粒中植酸含量上升,而施氮处理对籽粒植酸含量的影响效应与水稻的水分管理方式有关,在常规水作条件下,高氮处理（N3）的籽粒植酸含量有所提高,但在旱作栽培方式下,中氮（N2）和低氮处理（N1,不施N）的籽粒植酸含量却略高于高氮处理（N3）,氮素水平与水分管理方式间的互作效应明显;水稻籽粒植酸含量与粗蛋白总量、4种蛋白组分（清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白）及有关产量性状指标（有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和结实率）在不同水肥处理间的相关性不显著,但氮肥用量过高不仅会导致水稻的产量水平下降,而且也不利于稻米营养品质的改良;水肥处理对水稻籽粒植酸含量、蛋白总量和4种蛋白组分穗内粒位分布也存在一定影响,着生在稻穗下部的弱势粒,其稻米植酸含量高于稻穗上部或中部的强势粒,因此改善弱势粒灌浆的水肥管理措施将有利于稻米植酸含量的降低。%Two rice genotypes （Xiushui 110 and Chunjiang 15 ） were used to analyze the influence of nitrogen treatments, water management methods and their interaction on grain phytic acid content and protein components by a field experiments of two water treatments, including traditional irrigated cultivation （C1） and dried stress cultivation （C2） with 3 level nitrogen fertilizers （N1, 0 kg/ha; N2, 100 kg/ha; N3, 200 kg/ha） for each water treatment. The results showed that C2 treatment （dried stress cultivation） had relatively higher phytic acid content in rice grain, while the effect of nitrogen treatments on grain phytic acid were water management-dependent, with slight high phytic acid content for 100 kg/ha nitrogen application （N2） and no nitrogen application （N1） relative to high nitrogen treatment（N3） under the condition of traditional irrigated cultivation （C1）, but the opposite was true for the effect of N treatment to grain phytic acid when C2 treatment was exposed. The varying contents of grain phytic acid for different water and level nitrogen fertilizers were poorly correlated with grain total protein, 4 protein components and rice yielding traits （available panicle per areas, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate）, although the decreasing yield levels and low grain quality generally occurred at the extremely high application of N fertilizer; The varying extent of phytic acid, total protein contents and 4 protein components in different grains within a oanicle was also related to water management and N fertilizer application, with relative highphytic acid for the bottom location grains compared to those located at upper and middle location within a panicle, implying that appropriate water management and N fertilizer application were generally benefit for the reduce of grain phytic acid content except for achieving a high yield level in rice production.