高温处理与添加物料对蚓粪基质培育辣椒壮苗的影响

摘要

Vermicompost has been proved to have a beneficial effect on vegetable seedling development by many previous studies and can be used as a potential substitute for peat in nursery substrate production .An experiment was conducted to study the effects of high-temperature sterilization and materials addition of vermicompost-formulated substrate on the contents of biologically active substances and capsicum seedling development , and thus to provide a scientific basis for industrial production and effectiveness evaluation of vermicompost -formulated substrate .The vermicompost , obtained through earthworm digestion of cow manure , was sterilized with high-temperature (120℃) and used to formulate nursery substrate with the addition of vermiculite and urea , the growth parameters of capsicum seedlings and the contents of biologically active substances ( e.g.GA3 and IAA) in the substrate were measured under greenhouse and laboratory conditions .The results show that the GA 3 content in vermicompost under the high temperature sterilization is increased , and the active organic matters are degraded into derivatives which have the similar atomic group and are more polarized and water soluble .The vermicompost-formulated substrate and the high-temperature sterilization processing improve many growth parameters of capsicum seedlings including stem diameter , plant height , leaf expansion , number of leaves , root diameter , root length , root surface area, root volume, number of root tips, fresh/dry weight and strong seedling index , and reduce the chlorophyll content of capsicum seedlings .Based the data obtained in this study , the optimized formulation of nursery substrate for capsicum seedling development is:high-temperature sterilized vermicompost +vermiculite (4 vermicompost∶1 vermiculite, v∶v) +urea (0.50 kg/m3).%蚓粪是蚯蚓处理有机固体废弃物的产物，具备替代泥炭作为蔬菜育苗基质材料的优良性质。蚓粪高温处理（120℃）后加入蛭石、尿素等物料复配成育苗基质，通过温室育苗和室内分析的手段，分析蚓粪中活性有机物和GA3、IAA的含量变化以及蚓粪基质培育辣椒幼苗的系统发育特征。结果表明：蚓粪高温处理过程增加了蚓粪中GA3含量，使活性有机物裂解成具有相同母核类极性更大的水溶性衍生物。无论是否高温处理，蚓粪育苗基质都有利于辣椒幼苗茎粗、株高、展宽、叶片数、根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、鲜（干）重和壮苗指数的提高，但会导致辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素含量的减小。蚓粪添加蛭石和高温处理后育苗能够增大辣椒幼苗根直径。高温处理蚓粪中添加蛭石（蚓粪∶蛭石＝4∶1，V∶V）和尿素（0.50 kg/m3）有利于提高辣椒幼苗成苗率，增加鲜干物质累积，促进茎叶和根系的系统发育，增大壮苗指数。可见，蚓粪高温处理后与蛭石按4∶1体积比均匀混合后用于辣椒育苗，最能提升辣椒幼苗的各项指标，形成壮苗。