不同生育时期淹水对花生生理性状及产量、品质的影响

摘要

This experiment was conducted in cultivation pools, with method of artificial water-log- ging to study the effects of water-logging at different growing periods on plant characteristics, physio- logical characteristics, pod yield and kernel quality of peanut with the varieties of Nongda818, Xiang- hua2008 and Luhua11. The results showed that water-logging at the seedling stage and flowering stage both significantly decreased the main stem height, length of lateral branches and branch num- bers of the peanut, but increased the number of green leaves, photosynthesis rate and photochemical- reaction efficiency of peanut. Water-logging at pod-setting stage had no significant affection to the main stem height, length of lateral branches and branch numbers of the peanut, but decreased the number of green leaves, photosynthesis rate and photochemical-reaction efficiency of peanut. Water- logging at different growing periods all decreased the pod yield of peanut, among which the pod-setting stage reduced the most, the flowering stage reduced the second and the seedling stage reduced the least. Water-logging at the same growing period, the pod yield of Nongda818 was lower than that of other varieties, so it can be concluded that the flooding tolerance of Nongda818 is the poorest. Besides seedling stage, water-logging at flowering stage and pod-setting stage both significantly decreased the content of fat and value of O/L, but increased the content of protein and soluble sugar of peanut kernel.%本试验在池栽条件下进行,以花生品种农大818、湘花2008和鲁花11号为材料,采用人工淹水的方法探究了不同生育时期淹水对花生植株性状、生理性状及荚果产量与品质的影响。结果表明,苗期及开花期淹水均降低了植株的主茎高、侧枝长及分枝数,但增加了主茎绿叶数、主茎倒3叶净光合速率及光化学反应效率;结荚期淹水对植株主茎高、侧枝长及分枝数的影响不显著,却降低了主茎绿叶数、主茎倒3叶净光合速率及光化学反应效率。不同生育时期淹水均显著降低了花生荚果产量,以结荚期淹水减产幅度最大,其次是开花期淹水,减产幅度最小的是苗期淹水。不同品种相比以农大818淹水减产最严重,说明农大818最不耐涝。此外,除苗期淹水外,开花期和结荚期淹水都显著降低了粗脂肪含量和O/L比值,但增加了花生籽仁中的粗蛋白、可溶性糖含量。