中国在近代以前的漫长历史中都是一个陆权国家.直到19世纪中叶,西方列强通过其坚船利炮敲开中国国门,近代中国才开始被迫面对海权问题.从第一次鸦片战争到甲午海战,中国基本上丧失了制海权的控制.西方海权观念传入中国后,近代国人在反思战争失败中认识到制海权和海上力量的重要性,进而运用海权指导海军重建.国际法的传入使得近代中国开始从海洋权利的视角理解海权并运用国际法维护海洋权利.20世纪初,以孙中山和陈独秀为代表的思想家,从国家主权的高度去理解海权,试图通过发展海上实业争取海洋权益以及收复领港权等手段加强海洋权利的维护,这标志着近代中国海权观念的成熟.近代中国对海权观念的理解和运用囿于自我防卫的战略目标,这与西方列强利用海权进行殖民扩张有根本的区别.近代中国的海权观念的嬗变一方面受到政治、经济及文化的限制,另一方面又在抵御外侮和维护国家主权方面发挥了重要作用.关于近代中国海权观念的研究,对我们今天海权观念的建构以及"加快建设海洋强国"有着重要的启示意义.%China was a continental power state in the long history before modern times.It was not un-til the middle of the 19th century that China was forced to face the problem of sea powers when the West-ern powers opened the Chinese door through their cannons.From the first Opium War to the Sino-Japa-nese War,China basically lost control of the sea.When the concept of sea power was introduced to China, modern Chinese realized the importance of sea power in the war,and then used the concept of sea power to reconstruct our navy.T he introduction of international law made modern China begin to understand sea power from the perspective of maritime rights and safeguard the maritime rights by international law.At the beginning of the 20th century,as the representatives of the thinkers,Sun Yat-sen and Chen Duxiu un-derstood the sea power from national sovereignty level,trying to maintain and strengthen maritime rights through the development of marine industry to maintain maritime rights and recover the port rights,w hich marks that the concept of sea power was mature in modern China.The understanding and application of the concept of sea power in modern China was limited by the strategic goal of self defense,which was to-tally different from the western powers'using sea power to colonize and expand.On the one hand,the evo-lution of the concept of sea power in modern China was restricted by politics,economy and culture.On the other hand,it played an important role in resisting foreign aggression and safeguarding national sovereign-ty in the modern China.The study of the modern Chinese concept of sea power has important implications for the construction of the concept of sea power and "speeding up the construction of a marine power".
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