我国西部农村地区家长外出务工比例高、留守学生比重大、寄宿现象普遍、亲子沟通匮乏, 针对这一特点, 重点分析了农村家庭教育中父母卷入现状及其对不同类型学生学业发展的影响, 依据2017年12月陕西省宁强县4 643份初中生调查数据, 分析了不同父母卷入行为对不同留守类型、不同寄宿状况学生学业发展的影响差异.研究发现:父母情感卷入均能显著提升各类学生的学业水平, 且对单留守学生影响最明显;父母认知卷入均会显著负向影响学生的学业水平, 与走读学生相比, 父母认知卷入对寄宿学生学业水平的负向影响程度更大;在行为卷入上, 母亲行为卷入仅对非留守及走读学生的学业水平有显著正向影响.因此, 改善初中生学业发展, 家庭教育作用显著, 学校应适当通过家长学校等方式干预、促进家庭教育中的情感投入, 针对不同留守、寄宿状况的学生, 父母应给予子女差异化的关怀与帮助.%In the central and western regions of China, the children there were left behind and at boarding school commonly, and they usually lack of parents-children communication.In this context, the study examines the impact of different methods of involvement from father and mother on the academic achievements of rural middle school students.Based on the survey among 4 643 rural middle school students in 5 schools of N county, Shaanxi province in December 2017, in which the data are divided into five different types according to the difference of left-behind status and boarding conditions, we found that the parents' emotional involvement could significantly improve the academic level of all kinds of students, while varying in degrees.Among them, emotional involvement of parents has the greatest influence on the academic level of left-behind students;Both parents' cognitive involvement significantly negatively affects students' academic performance, and parents' cognitive involvement has a greater negative impact on boarding students' academic performance.In terms of behavior involvement, the behavior involvement of mother only has a significant positive impact on the academic level of non left-behind and commuting students.Based on the above conclusions, this study proposes corresponding solutions for the problems in education of rural families in the central and western regions, and provides specific suggestions for parents.
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