农业跨国公司垄断对我国粮食安全的影响

摘要

分析了在华FDI的主要跨国粮商和跨国种业公司的垄断优势，借助粮食贸易依存度指标探讨了我国粮食安全的现状，并在此基础上，研究了农业跨国公司对我国粮食安全的影响。研究发现：跨国粮商通过控制世界大豆主要产区的种植、贸易，控制粮食产业链附加值较高的两端———育种和加工，对我国的粮食安全构成了威胁；跨国种业公司在研发和育种领域的高投入和高产出加深了农户对其依赖。因此，建议通过宏观调控提高大豆种植面积和产量，减少对农业跨国公司的依赖；基于种业发展机制创新，鼓励民营企业进入种业育种，培育一批具有国际竞争力的本土种子企业。%This paper analyzes the monopoly advantages of main multinational agricultural enterprises which in ‐vest directly in China .T hen it discusses the present situation of China ’s food safety by three measures ,such as per capita share of grain ,food fluctuation coefficient and grain trade dependence .Based on above analysis ,it investi‐gates the impacts of multinational agricultural enterprises on China ’s food safety .The conclusions are as follows :first ,multinational grain merchants affect China ’s grain trade dependence through controlling the cultivation and trade of the world’s major soybean producing areas .Second ,they threaten China’s food safety by controlling breeding and processing .Third ,the high investment and quality of R&D and breeding of multinational seed com‐panies make farmers depend on them deeply .Therefore ,the suggestions are as follows :on the one hand ,reducing the dependence of China’s agriculture on multinational enterprises by enhancing the acreage and production of soy‐bean;on the other hand ,based on the mechanism innovation of seed industry ,encouraging private enterprises to enter the seed industry breeding to cultivate a group of local seed enterprises with international competitiveness .