灌溉频率对温室沙培甜瓜生长、水分利用及果实品质的影响

摘要

【目的】探讨灌溉频率对甜瓜生长发育、品质和水分利用效率的影响,为建立和完善非耕地（沙地）甜瓜栽培灌溉制度提供理论依据。【方法】以甜瓜品种＂一品天下208＂为试验材料,在温室条件下采用槽式沙培方式栽培,以滴灌方式灌溉,在灌溉总量相同条件下,设置W1（灌溉1次,对照）、W2和W33个灌溉频率处理,其中W2和W3为在W1的每个灌溉周期内将相同的灌水量（营养生长期每次为2.28kg/株,生殖生长期每次为4.56kg/株）分为2次和3次进行灌水处理,研究不同灌溉频率对甜瓜生长发育、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】3种灌溉处理对甜瓜株高、叶面积、单果质量、果型指数、果肉厚度、产量和水分利用效率均无显著性影响。W3处理甜瓜根部干物质含量、根冠比和蒸腾效率显著优于W1。W3和W2的茎粗、叶绿素含量显著优于W1,且果实游离氨基酸、可溶性总糖和可溶性固形物含量较W1分别提高了27.31%和35.58%,40.57%和12.51%,16.18%和8.49%,果实干质量分别提高了7.50%和4.68%。【结论】在灌溉总量相同的条件下,增加灌溉频率能促进甜瓜的生长发育,提高其果实品质。%【Objective】 In this paper,the effects of different irrigation rates on growth and development,fruit quality and water use efficiency of muskmelon were studied,which would contribute to provide a theoretical basis for establishing and improving the irrigation scheduling of muskmelon in non-cultivated land.【Method】 In this study,muskmelon Yipin Tianxia No.208 variety was chosen as the experiment material.With adopting the trough sand cultivation and drip-irrigated patterns,we used three treatments W1,W2 and W3 by different irrigation frequencies.The irrigation amount of W1（each time in the vegetative growth stage was 2.28 kg per strain and in the reproductive growth stage 5.56 kg per strain） was divided into two or three equal pieces which were supplied to W2 or W3 respectively in each irrigation cycle.After this,we researched the influence of different irrigation frequencies on muskmelon growth and development,yield,quality and water use efficiency.【Result】 Experimental results showed that there was no significant difference among these treatments in muskmelon plant height,leaf area,fruit weight,fruit type index,pulp thickness,yield and water use efficiency.The root dry matter,root-top ratio and transpiration efficiency of W3 were remarkable better than W1.However,the stem diameter and the chlorophyll content of W3 and W2 were all significantly better than those of W1.Besides,compared with the normal treatment,the content of free amino acid,total soluble sugar and solids of high and middle irrigation frequency increased by 27.31% and 35.58,40.57% and 12.51%,16.18% and 8.49%,separately.The dry weight of fruit under high and middle frequency was enhanced by 7.50% and 4.68% than normal treatment.【Conclusion】 Under the same irrigation quota conditions,the growth and development and fruit quality of muskmelon can be improved by increasing the irrigation rate.